For the transition to sustainable food systems, the systemic levers identified are:

• Supporting family farming, including women and young people, in diversifying production. This would be done in conjunction with strengthened social protection programmes, supported by development and private sector partners and civil society actors.

•  Foster public-private partnerships to invest in essential food-processing infrastructure, such as cold storage (and support smallholder farmers to develop improved post-harvest techniques), together with public investment in road infrastructure to reduce food losses, increasing food availability

• Promote inclusive and sustainable value chains, improving market access for producers and supporting other actors (e.g. food processors) in further integrating the value chain. This would involve: (i) fostering agricultural marketing associations and cooperatives (in agriculture, livestock and fisheries/aquaculture) to increase their capabilities and capacities to aggregate produce from subsistence and small-scale farmers, herders, and fishers; (ii) supporting farmers to increase their production sustainably both in volume and in quality. Specific actions could include exploring opportunities for organic agricultural production systems, and also exploring science-smart alternatives that facilitate climate change adaptation; and (iii) addressing key market constraints (storage for horticulture products, environmentally-friendly processing for cassava, quality incentives and traders’ working capital for livestock), etc.

• Development of appropriate public and private services in support of inclusive value chain development. This would enhance value chain development through improved access to rural finance and appropriate financial products, upgrading infrastructure (including electricity, rural roads) and developing transport services for all actors in the value chains.

• Strengthen natural resource governance mechanisms at the provincial and district levels to facilitate implementation of regulatory instruments dealing with overexploitation (such as conservation laws, tools for stopping illegal wildlife and timber trafficking, illegal fishing and uncontrolled forest fires), as well as  unsustainable agricultural practices.

• Strengthen community-based management practices for water resources, forests and biodiversity, in combination with supporting sustainable farming systems. Specific actions could include exploring opportunities for agroecological production systems and for climate-smart agricultural practices and technologies. These efforts could be combined with devolving user rights, strengthening community-based organizations and ensuring value addition at local level, e.g. for timber, non-timber forest products and fish.

• Strengthen territorial governance mechanisms to mobilize public funding for strategic rural infrastructure and basic services (roads, electricity, water and sanitation, education and health) in order to attract private investments (specifically to underdeveloped regions in the North and Central areas).

• Foster and promote investments in sustainable local food systems that increase the availability of nutritious food and improve rural livelihoods while increasing communities’ resilience to climate-related shocks. Key targets would be rural communities, including fishers, women and young people, and intermediate cities. Policies should accordingly also support the transformation of family farms into commercial units. For this to happen, policies must, for example, further the integration of small farmers into diversified value chains with high market potential, while strengthening their capacities (e.g. through enhanced producer organizations). That would enable them to participate and negotiate their integration in local supply chains in ways that increase their income and improve living conditions.